|
Affiliation
|
Ruler
|
Years
|
Remarks
|
|
|
Tuhutum/Töhötöm
|
904 - ?
|
|
|
|
Prokuj
|
? – 1003
|
Ruler of the upper Tisza region and northern Transylvania. Defeated by Stephen I of Hungary
|
|
|
Kean
|
|
voivode
of the southern Transylvanian bolgars, defeated by Stephen I of Hungary c. 1003-1015
|
|
Arpads
|
St. Stephen (István)
|
1003–1038
|
first Christian King of Hungary (1000), maternal grandson
of Gyula the Old, defeated Gyula the Young and Kean
|
|
Voivods under the Kings of Hungary
|
|
|
Mercurius (Transylvanian Voivod)
|
c. 1110
|
|
|
|
Leustachius
|
1176–1199
|
|
|
|
Legforus
|
1199–1200
|
|
|
|
Eth (Transylvanian Voivod)
|
?
|
|
|
|
Gyula I
|
?–1201
|
|
|
|
Benedek
|
1201–1206
|
|
|
|
Smaragd
|
1206
|
|
|
|
Benedek
|
1206–1209
|
|
|
|
Mihály
|
1209–1211
|
|
|
|
Bertold of Andechs-Meran, Archbishop
|
1211–1213
|
|
|
|
Miklós I
|
1213
|
|
|
|
Gyula I
|
1213
|
|
|
|
Simon (Transylvanian Voivod)
|
1213–1215
|
|
|
|
Hippolitus
|
1215–1217
|
|
|
|
Raphael
|
1217–1218
|
|
|
|
Néka
|
1218–1221
|
|
|
|
Pál
|
1221–1231
|
|
|
|
Gyula II
|
1230–1233
|
|
|
|
Dénes
|
1233–1234
|
|
|
|
András I
|
1234–1235
|
|
|
|
Posza
|
1235–1240
|
|
|
First Mongol invasion 1240-1242
|
|
|
Lóránt
|
1242–1252
|
|
|
|
Interregnum
|
1252–1261
|
|
|
|
Erény Kos
|
1261
|
|
|
Arpads
|
Stephen Arpád
|
1261–1270
|
|
|
|
Mátyás
|
1270–1272
|
|
|
|
Miklós
|
1272–1273
|
|
|
|
János
|
1273–1274
|
|
|
|
Miklós
|
1274–1275
|
|
|
|
Ladislas Borsa
|
1275
|
|
|
|
Ugrin
|
1275–1276
|
|
|
|
Matyas
|
1276–1277
|
|
|
|
Miklós
Pók
|
1277
|
|
|
|
Aba
|
1278–1279
|
|
|
|
István (Arpad ruler of Transylvania)
|
1280
|
|
|
|
Roland
Borsa
|
1281–1282
|
|
|
|
Apor Pecz
|
1283
|
|
|
|
Roland
Borsa
|
1284–1285
|
|
|
Second Mongol invasion 1284-1285, followed by direct
Hungarian rule
1285-1288
|
|
|
Roland
Borsa
|
1288–1294
|
opposed Hungarian rule
|
|
|
Kán
László II
|
1294–1315
|
opposed Hungarian rule
|
|
Voivods under the Kings of Hungary
|
|
|
Miklós
Medgyesi Pok
|
1315–1318
|
|
|
|
D of Debrecen
|
1318–1321
|
|
|
|
Szecsényi
Tamás
|
1322–1342
|
|
|
|
Miklós
Sirokay
|
1342–1344
|
|
|
Lackfi
|
Stephen I. Lackfi
|
1344–1350
|
|
|
|
Csor Tamás
|
1350
|
|
|
|
Miklós
Konth
|
1351–1356
|
|
|
Lackfi
|
András Lackfi
|
1356–1359
|
|
|
Lackfi
|
Dionys Lackfi
|
1360–1367
|
|
|
Lackfi
|
Miklós Lackfi
|
1367-1368
|
|
|
Lackfi
|
Emeric Lackfi
|
1368–1372
|
|
|
Lackfi
|
Stephen II. Lackfi
|
1373–1376
|
brother of Emeric
|
|
|
Ladislau de Losoncz
|
1376–1391
|
|
|
|
Emeric Bebek I
|
1392–1393
|
|
|
|
Frank de Szčcsčny
|
1392–1393
|
|
|
|
Stibor of Stiboricz
|
1395–1401
|
knight of the Order of the Dragon
|
|
|
Miklos Csaki & Miklós Marczali
|
1401–1403
|
|
|
|
János Tamasi
& Iacob Lack de
Szántó
|
1403–1409
|
|
|
|
Stibor of Stiboricz
|
1410–1414
|
knight of the Order of the Dragon
|
|
|
Miklós Csáki
|
1415–1426
|
|
|
|
László IV. Csaki
|
1426–1437
|
son of Nicolae Csaki
|
|
|
Péter Cseh
|
1436–1438
|
|
|
|
Losonczi Dezső
|
1441-1440
|
|
|
|
László V. Jakcs
|
January 1441
|
|
|
|
John
Hunyadi (János Hunyadi / Iancu de Hunedoara)
|
1441–1446
|
|
|
|
Emeric/Imre Bebek I & Nicolae de Ujlak
|
1446–1447
|
|
|
|
Emeric/Imre Bebek II & John
Hunyadi
|
May-October 1448
|
|
|
|
Rozgonyi János
|
1449-1460
|
|
|
|
Ujlaki Miklós
|
1449-1458
|
|
|
|
Rozgonyi Sebestyén
|
1458-1461
|
|
|
|
Ujlaki Miklós
|
1460
|
|
|
|
Kanizsai László
|
1460
|
|
|
|
Ujlaki Miklós & Pongrácz János
|
1462-1465
|
|
|
|
Szentgyörgyi Zsigmond & Szentgyörgyi János
|
1465-1467
|
|
|
|
Pongrácz János & Csupor Miklós
|
1468–1472
|
|
|
|
Magyar Balázs
|
[[1472-1475
|
|
|
|
Pongrácz János
|
1475–1476
|
|
|
|
Geréb Péter
|
1478–1479
|
|
|
Báthory (Ecsed)
|
Stephen V Báthory
|
1479–1493
|
|
|
|
Dragfi János
|
1493–1499
|
|
|
|
Losonczi László
|
1493–1495
|
|
|
|
Szentgyörgyi Péter
|
1499–1510
|
|
|
Zápolya
|
John
I Zápolya
(Zápolya János)
|
1511–1526
|
elected King of Hungary by one party
of Hungarian nobles in 1526, while another party elected Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria.
|
|
|
Perény Péter
|
1526–1534
|
appointed by John I
Zápolya
|
|
Báthory
(Somlyó)
|
Stephen VIII Báthory
|
1529–1534
|
appointed by John I Zápoly
|
|
|
Hieronymus Laski
|
1531–1534
|
|
|
|
István
Maylád
|
1534–1536
|
|
|
|
Imre Balassa
|
1536–1540
|
|
|
|
Fráter György
|
1542–1551
|
guardian of John II Sigismund Zápolya
|
|
Báthory (Ecsed)
|
Andrew
Bonaventura Báthory
|
1551–1552
|
lieutenant of Ferdinand of Austria
|
|
|
István
Dobó & Francise Kendi
|
1552–1556
|
|
|
|
vacant
|
1556–1570
|
direct rule of John II Sigismund Zápolya as claimant to the
throne of Hungary
|
|
Princes of Transylvania and parts of
Hungary
|
|
Zápolya
|
John II Sigismund Zápolya (János Zsigmond)
|
1570-1571
|
Son of John Zápolya, renounced
his royal claim in 1570 in favour of
Emperor Maximilian and remained Prince of Transylvania and parts of
Hungary until his death in 1571.
|
|
Báthory (Somlyó)
|
Stephen
Báthory
|
1571–1586
|
elected Voivod by a diet, King of Poland
since 1575, assumed title of Prince
of Transylvania and parts of Hungary
|
|
|
Gáspár
Bekes
|
1571–1572
|
rival voivod, designated
as successor by John II Sigismund
Zápolya and supported by the Habsburg King, defeated by Stephen Báthory
|
|
Báthory (Somlyó)
|
Christopher Báthory
|
1575-1581
|
older brother of Stephen Báthory, administered Transylvania as Voivod during the absence of
his brother.
|
|
Báthory (Somlyó)
|
Sigismund Báthory
|
1581/1586–1598
|
son of Christopher, succeeded his father as Voivod
and his uncle as Prince;
assumed regency in 1588; abdicated in
April 1598 in favor of Habsburg Rudolf, King of Hungary
|
|
Habsburg
|
Rudolf
|
April-August 1598
|
|
|
Báthory (Somlyó)
|
Sigismund Báthory
|
August 1598 – March 1599
|
returned in August 1598, again abdicated in March 1599 favor of his
cousin Andrew Cardinal
Báthory.
|
|
Báthory (Somlyó)
|
Andrew Cardinal
Báthory
|
March-November1599
|
Cousin of Sigismund, driven out by Michael of Wallachia
and killed by his Szekely
allies
|
|
Drăculeşti
|
Michael of Wallachia (Mihai Viteazul)
|
1599–1600
|
recognized by a diet as Prince subject
to the King, recognized by the Sultan
and later also by King
Rudolf, deposed in September 1600 by Hungarian nobles
|
|
Habsburg
|
Rudolf
|
1600-1601
|
ruled through the governor Giorgio Basta, 1600-1601
|
|
Báthory (Somlyó)
|
Sigismund Báthory
|
1601
|
attempted to regain Transylvania, recognized by the diet
of Kolozsvár/Klausenburg/Cluj
but defeated by Basta and
Mihai, eventually abdicated in 1602 in favor of
King Rudolf II
|
|
Habsburg
|
Rudolf
|
1601–1606
|
ruled through the governor Giorgio Basta, 1601-1604
|
|
|
Mózes Székely
|
April - July 1603
|
rebelled against Habsburgs
and defeated Basta with Tartar
mercenaries and claimed the title
of Prince but was defeated
by Radu Şerban, Voivode
of Wallachia
|
|
Princes of Transylvania between Ottomans
and Habsburgs
|
|
|
István
Bocskay
|
1605–1606
|
rebelled against Habsburgs
with support of Hungarian nobles and the
Turks, confirmed in his position
in the Treaty of Vienna (1606)
|
|
Rákóczi
|
Sigismund Rákóczi
|
1607–1608
|
elected by the estates against the wishes of
Bocskay, Habsburgs and Ottomans; deposed by a military rebellion under Gabriel Báthory
|
|
Báthory (Somlyó)
|
Gabriel Báthory
|
1608–1613
|
ally of Bocskay, came to power
in a military rebellion
|
|
|
Bethlen
Gábor
|
1613–1629
|
claimed the Kingship of Hungary 1619-1621
|
|
|
Catherine of Brandenburg
|
1629–1630
|
daughter of John Sigismund,
Elector of Brandenburg,
widow of Gabriel Bethlen
|
|
Rákóczi
|
George I Rákóczi
|
1630–1648
|
|
|
Habsburg
|
Ferdinand
III
|
1630–1645
|
claimed the Principality
but accepted George I in 1645 in
the treaty of Linz
|
|
Rákóczi
|
George II Rákóczi
|
1648–1657
|
married Sophia
Báthory, niece of
Gabriel Báthory, claimed the Kingship of Poland in
1657, abdicated in favor of Habsburg Leopold, King of Hungary, deposed by a diet at Turkish
command
|
|
Aba
|
Francis Rhédey
|
1657–1658
|
backed by Charles X Gustav of Sweden
(1654 - 1660). Francis Rhédey
was a descendent from the Royal
House of Aba - King Samuel Aba of Hungary
|
|
Rákóczi
|
George II Rákóczi
|
1657–1658
|
restored by a diet, deposed by the
Turks
|
|
|
Barcsai
Ákos
|
1658–1659
|
|
|
Rákóczi
|
George II Rákóczi
|
1659–1660
|
fell in battle against the Turks
|
|
|
Kemény János
|
1661–1662
|
backed by the Habsburg King Leopold
|
|
Apafi
|
Michael I Apafi
|
1661–1690
|
backed by the Turks, opposed King Leopold, made peace with
the Habsburg King in 1685/7
|
|
Apafi
|
Michael II Apafi
|
1681–1692
|
elected as heir during his father's
lifetime, and accepted as such
by the Turks, ruled with George
Bánffy as governor, moved to Vienna and
forced to cede the Principality
to King Leopold
|
|
|
Thököly Imre
|
1690 – 1699
|
earlier claimant of Upper Hungary, appointed Prince of Transsylvania by the Turks
at the death of Michael
I, held the country with
Turkish support briefly in 1690/91
|
|
In 1692 the Habsburg Kings
of Hungary permanently assumed the title
of Prince of Transylvania, administering the country through governors.
|
|
Habsburg
|
Leopold I
|
1690–1705
|
governors: * George Bánffy, [[1691-1696
* Rabutin de Bussy 1696-1708
|
|
Rákóczi
|
Francis II Rakoczi
|
1704 - 1711
|
grandson of George II
Rákóczi, rebelled against
King Leopold, claiming the titles Prince of Transylvania and Ruling Prince of Hungary
|
|
Habsburg
|
Charles VI
|
1711–1740
|
governors:
* Stephen Haller, 1709-1710
* Wesselényi
István, 1710-1713
* Sigismund Kornis, 1713-1731
* Wesselény
István, 1731-1732
* Francisc
Anton Wallis, 1732-1734
* John Haller 1734-1755
|
|
Habsburg
|
Maria Theresia
|
1740–1765
|
governors:
* Francisc Venceslav Wallis, 1755-1758
* Ladislaus
Kemény, 1758-1762
* Adolf Buccow, 1762-1764
* Hadik
András, 1764-1765
|
|
The Principality
is elevated to the Grand Principality of Transylvania, with the Habsburg Grand Princes administering the country through
governors.
|
|
Habsburg
|
Maria Theresia
|
1765–1780
|
governors:
* Andreas Hadik 1765-1767
* Carol O'Donell 1767-1770
* Joseph Maria von Auersperg 1771-1774
* Samuel von Brukenthal 1774-1775,
1776-1787
|
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
|
Joseph II
|
1780–1790
|
governors:
* Samuel von Brukenthal 1774-1775,
1776-1787
* Bánffy György
II, 1787-1822
|
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
|
Leopold II
|
1790–1792
|
governor: Bánffy György
II, 1787-1822|
|
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
|
Francis II
|
1792–1835
|
governors:
* George
Bánffy II, 1787-1822
* Jósika
János 1822-1834
* Ferdinand d'Este 1835-1837
|
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
|
Ferdinand I
|
1835–1848
|
* John Kornis, 1838-1840
* Teleki
József, 1842-1848
|
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
|
Franz Joseph I
|
1848–1916
|
governors:
* Ludwig Wohlgemuth, 1849-1851
* Karl B. Schwarzenbeger, 1851-1858
* Friedrich von
Liechtenstein, 1858-1861
* Mikó Imre
1860-1861
* Ludwig Fohot of Crenneville,
1861-1867
|
|
In the wake of the Austro-Hungarian
Compromise of 1867, the Hungarian government dissolved the Grand Principality and incorporated its territory into the Kingdom
of Hungary. The Habsburg Kings
continue to use the title
of a Grand Prince of Transsylvania.
|
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
|
Karl I
|
1916–1918
|
|
![[The map of Kingdom of Hungary untill 1920]](terkeppici.gif)
![[The map of Transylvania]](erdelytajegysegei_pici.jpg)
